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For instance, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (source) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the cube, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our cube consists of the term BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the block would contain a listing of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH result of the block begins with a certain number of zeros, the cube is considered verified.

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For our example, lets say that we have a mining difficulty of simply two, ie, our HASH must begin with two zeros. .

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The difficulty: BUTTERFLY will return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt begin with two zeros. So what we need is your next factor, a random number (known as a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the entire HASH outcome, there is no way to predict the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this process over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, gives us a HASH that begins with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some attempts:

This arduous process of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is what makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years to mine one block. .

This has led to the growth of ASIC computers built particularly for mining and to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the early days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was reduced and not a great deal of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it worthwhile to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

GPU mining. i thought about this A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a potent processor whose sole objective is to help your own computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not built for executive decisions (like CPUs) but to be somewhat great labourers, hence GPUs can execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These greatly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining process as FPGAs are processors that can be programmed to execute specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Similar to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a particular function, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors available for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in power consumption. .

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Mining pools. To cancel the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools solves a block, the reward is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the swimming pool (even though you personally never solved the puzzle). .

Cloud mining. Clouds offer potential miners the capability to buy mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno energy expenses, no extra heat and nothing to market when you opt to hang your virtual pickaxe.

Once miners get bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this digital key to access and validate or approve transactions.

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Desktop wallets. Software like Bitcoin Core allows you to send and store bitcoin addresses and connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are saved online by exchange platforms like Coinbase or Circle and can be retrieved from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Apps like Blockchain store and encrypt your own bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your cellular device.

Paper wallets. Some websites offer paper wallet services, generating a bit of paper with two QR codes on it. One code is your public address at which you receive bitcoin and the other one is your personal address you can use for spending.